geology

PROGRAMME OUTLINE


The programme of study for the Bachelor’s degree in Geology will normally extend over a period of four academic sessions (eight semesters) during which courses are to be selected according to the outline below in consultation with the course advisers.
The first digit in a course number indicates the level of the course, the second digit denotes the semester in which the course is offered and the last digit the serial number of the course for the particular semester. Courses which run for two semesters have “O” as the middle digit of the course number.

LIST OF COURSES

100 LEVEL

Core Courses       Course Title                                         Credit    Semester

GLY 110               Introductory Geology I                      3              1

GLY 120               Introductory Geology II                     2              2

Mandatory Courses

CHM 111              General Chemistry I                            3              1

CHM 122              General Chemistry II                          3              2

CHM 113              Organic Chemistry                              3              1

MTH 112              Calculus & Analysis                            3              1

MTH 123              Vectors, Coordinate Geometry

and Statistics                                        3              2

PHY 111               Mechanics, Thermal Physics and    

                                Properties of Matter                            3              1

PHY 113               Vibrations, Waves, Optics                  3              1

PHY 124               Electromagnetism & Modern

Physics                                                   4              2

AEB111                                Functional Zoology I                          4              1

AEB 122               Functional Zoology II                        4              2

GST 111                Use of English I                                    2              1

GST 112                Philosophy & Logic                             2              1

GST 121                Peace Studies/ Conflict Resolution  2              2

GST 122                Nigerian Peoples and Culture            2              2

GST 123                History & Philosophy of Science      2              2

Elective Courses

BOT 111               Diversity of Plants                               3              1

BOT 122               Plants Form & Functions                   3              2

CHM 124              Organic Chemistry II                          3              2

MTH 110              Algebra &  Trigonometry                   3              1

PHY 109               Practical Physics                                  2              1 & 2

200 Level

Course No.           Course Title                                 Credits          Semester

GLY 200               Introduction to Field Geology           2              1 & 2

GLY 201               Intro. To Structural Geology & Map

Interpretation                                       4              1 & 2

*GLY 210             General Geology                                  3              1

GLY 211               Introduction to Mineralogy &

Crystallography                                   3              1

GLY 212               Invertebrate Paleontology                 3              1

GLY 221               Introductory Petrology                       2              2

GLY 222               Introductory Stratigraphy                  2              2

Mandatory Courses

CSC 211                Intro. To Comp. BASIC/PASCAL   3              1

CSC 212                Symbolic Prog. In FORTRAN           3              1

Elective Courses

BOT 211               Lower Plants                                         4              1

CHM 205              Practical Chemistry I                          2              1 & 2

CHM 211              Organic Chemistry                              4              1

CHM 213              Physical Chemistry I                           3              1

CHM 214              Introductory Environmental Chemistry 2      1

CHM 221              Inorganic Chemistry                           4              1

CHM 223              Physical Chemistry I                           3              2

MTH 211              Ancillary Mathematics                       3              2

MTH 219              Statistics                                                3              1

PHY 215               Atomic & Nuclear Physics                 2              1

PHY 211               Mechanics                                            2              1

PHY 223               Waves & Optics                                   2              2

PHY 224               Electromagnetism & Electronics      3              2

AEB 211               Environmental Ecology                     4              1

AEB 213               Invertebrate Zoology                          4              1

*Core course only for Direct Entry/Transfer Students

300 LEVEL

Course No.           Course Title                                 Credits          Semester

GLY 300               Field Geology I                                     2              1 & 2

GLY 301               Map Interpretation                             4              1 & 2

GLY 310               Petrology of Igneous Rocks              2              1

GLY 311               Sedimentology                                     2              1

GLY 312               Structural Geology                              2              1

GLY 313               Mineralogy                                           3              1

GLY 328               Geology of Nigeria                              2              2

Mandatory Courses

GLY 302               Geological Photo-interpretation        2              1 & 2

GLY 314               Introduction to Geophysics               2              1

GLY 315               Geochemistry                                       2              1

GLY 320               Petrology of Metamorphic Rocks    2              2

GLY 321               Stratigraphy                                          2              2

GLY 322               Geotectonics                                         2              2

GLY 324               Introduction to Engineering

Geology & Hydrogeology                  3              2

GLY 325               Geology of Ore Deposits

& Fossil Fuels                                       3              2

Elective Course

GLY 317               Geostatistics and Data Analysis I    3              1

400 LEVEL

Course No.           Course Title                                 Credits          Semester

GLY 400               Field Geology II                                   4              1 & 2

GLY 499               Geology Project/Seminar                   3              1 & 2

Mandatory Courses

GLY 410               Igneous & Metamorphic Petrology  3              1

GLY 411               Sedimentary Geology                         2              1

GLY 412               Economic Geology                              3              1

*GLY 413             Micropaleontology & Palynology    3              1

GLY 416               Hydrogeology                                      2              1

GLY 420               Engineering Geology                           3              2

GLY 422               Exploration Geochemistry                 2              2

GLY 423               Petroleum Geology                              3              2

GLY 424               Applied Geophysics                            3              2

GLY 425               Environmental Geology                     2              2

Elective Courses

Course No.           Course Title                                 Credits          Semester

GLY 415               Basin Analysis                                     3              1

GLY 417               Geostatistics and Data Analysis       3              1

GLY 426               Marine Geology                                   2              2

DESCRIPTION OF COURSES


GLY110 – INTRODUCTORY GEOLOGY 1 ( 2 – 3) ( 3 CREDITS)
The nature and scope of geology. Earth Materials.
Minerals and rocks, igneous activity and igneous rocks: Weathering and soils, sediments and sedimentary rocks. Metamorphism and metamorphic rocks. Surface processes: Erosion and mass movement: the geological work of underground water streams, glacier and wind. The Oceans and shoreline. Practical in minerals and rocks identification and description.


GLY120 – INTRODUCTORY GEOLOGY II (2 – 0) ( 2 CREDITS)
Physics of the Earth. The Earth’s gravity and magnetic fields; earthquakes: seismology and the earth’s interior structure of the Earth. Stability and instability of the Earth’s crust: rock deformation and the structural features of deformed rocks. Sequence in Geologic time,: Historical development of fundamental geological concepts of time: the geological time scale: the record of life on Earth.


GLY200-INTRODUCTION TO FIELD GEOLOGY (Field Trip) (2 Credits)
Instruction in the techniques of field observation and the recording of geological data in the field. Identification of common rock types in the field. The duration of the field exercise is one week; each student is expected to submit a written report at the end of the course.


GLY201 – INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND MAP
INTERPRETATION (1-3) (4 CREDITS)
Introduction to the principles of rocks deformation. Folding and classification of folds. Linear and planar structures in tectonites. Faults and joints. Geologic maps: Width of outcrops of strata, dip of strata from contact patterns across valleys, three points problem, distribution of rocks units of different ages in folds, convergence of stratigraphic contacts against angular unconformities. Offset of dipping strata access faults and the relative ages of rocks units on upthrown and downthrown blocks. Concordant and discordant relationship of igneous rocks with sedimentary strata. Section drawing and interpretation of sequences of events. Problems will be based on simple hypothetical maps. 


GLY210 – GENERAL GEOLOGY (2-3) (3 CREDITS)
The nature and scope of Geology. Earth materials: Minerals and rocks; Igneous activity and Igneous rocks; sediments and sedimentary rocks; Weathering and soils, sediments and sedimentary rocks, metamorphism and metamorphic rocks. Surface processes: Erosion and mass movement. The geological work of underground water, streams, glaciers and wind. The oceans and shorelines. Physics of the Earth. The Earth’s gravity and magnetic fields, Earthquakes, Seismology and the interior structure of the Earth. Stability and instability of the earth’s crust:Rock deformation and the structural features of deformed rocks. Sequence in Geologic time, Historical development of fundamental geological concepts of time, the geologic time scale, the record of life on Earth. Practical in minerals and rocks identification and description.


GLY211 – INTRODUCTION TO MINERALOGY AND
CRYSTALLOGRYPHY (2-3) (3 Credits)
The nature of minerals, physical and chemical properties of minerals morphological crystallography, atomic structures of rock forming minerals. Practical will include megascopic identification and description of minerals and crystal models.


GLY 212 – INVERTEBRATE PALAEOTOLOGY (2-3) (3 Credits)
Characteristics, identification, classification of major phyla: Foraminifera. Coelenterata, Echinodermata, Mollusda, Brachiopoda, and Arthropoda. Their evolution, paleocology and stratigraphic importance.


GLY 221 – INTRODUCTION TO PETROLOGY (1-3) (2 Credits)
The more common igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, their classification, texture and characteristic features. Megascopic and microscopic textures and their classification. Elements of optical mineralogy and identification of common rock forming minerals under polarizing microscope.


GLY 222 – INTRODUCTORY STRATIGRAPHY (2-0) (2 Credits)
Geology as a practical science. Historical geology. Time and measurements Principles of Stratigraphy. The stratigraphy if code and Nomenclature. Biostratographic and Lithostratigraphic correlation. The Geological Column and Time. Scale. Extinctions in the stratigraphic record. 


GLY 300 – FIELD GEOLOGY I ( FIELD TRIP) 2 Credits)
Instruction and practice in the basic methods of geologic and recording in the field. The field trip duration is two weeks and emphasizes techniques of system ratio observation on the outcrop and the construction of geologic maps and sections from the data obtained. Each students to expect to submit a written report of the end of the course.


GLY301- MAP INTERPRETATION (1-3) (4 Credits)
Interpretation of published geologic maps grading from areas that exhibit smple structures in terms of physiography, structure and geologic history, to areas that exhibit complex structures. Techniques of structural analysis, stereographic and equal area project rosette diagrams. Report writing, Style, content and presentation.
Pre-requsite: GLY201.


GLY 302 – GEOLOGICAL PHOTO INTERPRETATION (0-3) (2 Credits)
Study of aerial photographs. Stereoscopic vision and stereoscopic photographs Lithological interpretation: Sedimentary rock igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks Stratigraphic interpretation conformable and conformable strata structural interpretation. Attitude of beds, fold structure, faults, joints cleavage and foliation. The use of photography in mineral exploration and site investigations.


GLY 310 – PETROLOGY OF IGNEOUS ROCKS (1-3) ( Credits)
Nature of magmas and classification of igneous rocks; rocks; factors in magmatic evolution: magmatic differentiation, rock association or kindreds, crystallization of igneous minerals from various silicate melts. Reaction series in igneous rocks. Origin of basaltic magmas. Effect of contamination on the crystallization of granitic and basaltic magmas. The Nigerian basement complex and the YoungergraniteProvince of Nigeria.
Pre-requisite: GLY 221. Co-requisite: GLY 313


GLY 311 – SEDIMENTOLOGY (1-3) (2 Credits)
Introduction and historical review, kinds of sedimentary particles. Physical processes. Dynamics of moving particles and fluids. Sedimentary structure. How sediments become sedimentary rocks, carbonate cementation. Sandstone commentary environments and their products in the rock record.


GLY 312 – STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY (2-0) (2 Credits)
Mechanics of deformation; force, stress and strain; rock properties and environmental factors affecting deformation, e.g. pressure, temperature, time, grain size mineral composition, fluid contents. Structural types and association; origin and classifications and other minor structure and their interpretation. Structural associations.
Pre-requisite: GLY 201


GLY 313 – MINERALOGY (2-3) (3 Credits)
Systematic examination of the structure, chemistry, optical properties and paragenesis of the major rock forming minerals with emphasis on the silicates. Use of the polarizing microscope to analyse characteristic minerals in thin sections. Hand specimen examination of the major rock-forming minerals.
Pre-requisite GLY 211


GLY 314 – INTRODUCTION TO GEOPHYSICS (2-0) (2 Credits)
Nature and scope of geophysics and geological applications of common geophysical exploration methods. Gravity methods; induced polarization (IP) method; Electromagnetic (EM) method; seismic methods; principles of refraction and reflection; radioactive methods.


GLY 315 – GEOCHEMISTRY (2-0) (2 Credits)
Origin of the earth and the solar system. Structure and composition of the earth, Distribution of elements in cosmic system, meteorites, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere. Geochemistry of hydrosphere. Biosphere and atmosphere, Geochemistry of different rock types (igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic weathering and soil formation.


GLY 317 – GEOSTATISTICS AND DATA ANALYSIS 1 (3 Credits)
Elementary Statistics (probability statistics, testing normal population. T-test, F. test, analysis of a variance X2 test). Matrix Algebra (types of matrix elementary matrix operations determinants, quadratic forms, latent roots and vectors). Analysis of sequences of data; least methods, regression analysis. Time trend analysis. Autocorrelation, Programme writing in BASIC/FORTRAN/PASCAL. Review of commands, function, array manipulation flow chart preparation subroutines, loops, debugging. Practical on programme writing of some mathematical/statically, equations useful in geology.
Pre-request: CSC 211 or CSC 212.


GLY 320 – PETROLOGY OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS (2 Credits)
Factors of metamorphism. Metamorphic grade and facies with emphasis on P-T conditions and effects. General characteristics of metamorphic terrains. Field relations of metamorphic rocks. Metamorphic rock types, minerals and textures. Metamorphic reactions. Practical to include Optical study of different metamorphic rock types and texture.
Pre-requisite: GLY 221


GLY 321 – STRATIGRAPHY (2 Credits)
Stratigraphic analysis. Application of stratigraphic principles. Dynamics in the stratigraphic record; transgression – regression. Facies sequences and genetic units. Procedures in stratigraphic practice. Field mapping techniques and interpretation of stratigraphic data. Cyclicity in the stratigraphic record using example of the quaternary as the key to the past. The Nigeria stratigraphy.
Pre-requisite: GLY 222.


GLY 322 – GEOTECTONICS (2 Credits)
Plate tectonics – magnetic and seismic evidence, sea-floor spreading, motion of plates on sphere, crystal plate divergence, convergence and continental collision, globe earthquake distribution, volcanism.
GLY 324 – INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY (3 Credits)
Geologist and Engineering: Classification of soil and rocks for engineering purpose, index and Engineering properties of soils and rocks. Consolidation and settlement. Bearing capacity. Strength characteristics of soils and rocks. Factors affecting rock durability. Groundwater distribution in different rock types. Elementary well hydraulics. Water well development.


GLY 325 – GEOLOGY OF ORE DEPOSITS & FOSSIL FUELS (3 Credits)
Ore bearing fluids and their migration. Deposition of ores. Well – rock alteration. Mineral paragenesis and zoning deposits hydrothermal deposits, volcanogenic deposits; sedimentary deposits; supergene sulfide enrichment. Nature of solid fossil fuels (coal and oil shale’s) origin, occurrence and classification. Fossil fuel fluids: The nature and properties of oil and gas. Reservoir, cap-rock and the seal properties: porosity, permeability, capillary and displacement; pressure phenomena. Properties and classification of trans; anticline, flowage, stratigraphic and combination traps: origin and migration of petroleum.


GLY 328 – GEOLOGY OF NIGERIA (2 Credits)
The major tectonic elements of Nigeria: their classification and structural development. The basement complex: Composition and structural characteristics. The sedimentary Basins. Their development. Mineral resources: occurrences, distribution and economic significance.


GLY 400 – FIELD GEOLOGY II (4 Credits)
Independent geologic field mapping of a selected area lasting 4 weeks during the long vacation. Students must submit a written report of the field exercise by the end of the first semester. Practicals in Map and Report preparation.
Pre-requisite: GLY 300, 301


GLY 410 – IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY (3 Credits)
An advanced treatment of igneous and metamorphic rocks, emphasizing their distribution, genetic relationships, petrography and petrogenesis. Practical will involve study of thin sections of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Pre-requisite: GLY 300 or 320


GLY 411 – SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY (2 Credits)
Sedimentary environments and faces methods of environmental recognition petrology of the sedimentary rocks. Rudaceousdeposits, Arenaceousdeposits. Argillaceousdeposits. Evaporates, Ancient depositionalenvironmental. River deposits. Lack deposits. Eolian deposits. Deltas, Reefs, Flysch and Turbidiites. Pelagic deposits.
Pre-requisite GLY 312


GLY 412 – ECONOMIC GEOLOGY (3 Credits)
Definition of Economic Minerals. Mode of formation and types of Economic minerals. Igenous, metamorphic and sedimentary economic mineals. Metallic, sub-metallic and non-metallic economic minearals; their geology, chemical, physical, industrial properties and industrial utilization. Evaluation of mining propects and mining methods. Methods of sampling, calculation and classification of Ore reserves. Mineral economics, mining and policies.
Pre-requisite: GLY 325


GLY 413 – MICROPALAEONTOLOGY AND PALYNOLOGY (3 Credits)
Biology, Morphology, wall structure, general classification, general distribution ecology and evolution of foraminifer. Biology, Morphology, ecology and classification of Ostracods. Introduction to plant kingdom, Primary morphological structures. Classification; species genus, class, etc. Maceration, Stratigraphic zonation and age determination based on qualitative and quantitative analysis. Environmental Paleontology Introduction to organic maturity.
Pre-requisite: GLY 212.


GLY 415 – BASIN ANALYSIS (3 Credits)
Classification stratigraphy. Basin evolution and analysis of some selected West African basins. Concepts and methods of subsurface faces analysis. Grain size distribution and texture. Mineralogy, geochemical. Faunal / floral, stratigraphic relationship. Methods of analysis of seismic sections and wireline logs. Interpretation based on construction of subsurface maps. Range (Distribution) Charts. Economic biostratigraphy, application of principles of stratigraphy.
Preparation of principles of structure contour isopachous and facies maps. Construction of stratigraphic, structural, paleostructural profiles and their use in paleogeologic analysis.
Pre-requisite: GLY 312,321.


GLY 416 – HYDROGEOLOGY (2 Credits)
Hydrogeological units. Stream gauging. Assessment of groundwater resources. Groundwater, the Ghyben – Hertzberg formula. Water quality. Groundwater distribution in Nigeria. Hydrogeology of the African Continent. Practical: These curve, pumping test analysis. Discharge measurements, use of current water. Water level measurements hydro geological maps.
Pre-requisite: GLY 324


GLY 417 – GEOSTATISTICS AND DATA ANALYSIS ii (3 Credits)
Map Analysis, Geologic maps, distribution of points, contouring trend surface analysis. Fourier analysis, series of events. Analysis multivariate data, multiple regression, multivariate extension of elementary statistics. Discriminate functions, factor analysis. Practical will include programmes development for problems direct geological application such as filtering, time trend analysis, contouring, etc. Computer graphic.
Pre-requisite: GLY 317


GLY 420 – ENGINEERING GEOLOGY (3 Credits)
Effect of discontinuities on rock characteristics. Excavation in soil and rock. Geotechnical methods of stabilization of soils. Foundation problems: building, bridges and dams. Geology of reservoir and dam sites. Geological aspect of route location. Geological consideration in tunneling. Slope stability analysis. Construction materials. Practical: Index and engeering properties of soil and rocks. Site investigation methods.
Pre-requisite: GLY 324


GLY 422 – EXPLORATION GEOCHEMISTRY (2 Credits)
Introduction to the application of geochemistry in mineral exploration. Principles of geochemical dispersion and reconcentration in rocks and pre-system. Primary dispersion patterns. Weathering and soil formation. The migration of economical and pathfinder elements in the secondary environment. Geochemical soil and drainage surveys. Litho geochemical survey. Plotting statistical analysis and interpretation geochemical data. Geochemical surveys in integrated mineral exploration programmes.
Pre-requisite: GLY 315


GLY 423 PETROLEUM GEOLOGY (2-3) (3 Credits)
The origin, migration and accumulation of petroleum: source rocks characteristics, maturation and destruction of petroleum. Subsurface waters: chemistry, hydrodynamics abnormal pressures and applications. Regularities in the distribution of oil and gas: tectonic, stratigraphic lithogic, geothermal hydrodynamic and environmental controls. Criteria for evaluation of petroleum
potential. Regional petroleum geology (emphasis on Africa) Exploration and appraisal methods. Reserves estimation and classification. Practical Will include well-log interpretation.
Pre-requisite: GLY 325


GLY 424 – APPLIED GEOPHYSICS (3 Credits)
The application of gravity, magnetic, electrical polarization, electromagnetic, seismic and radioactive methods in mineral, petroleum and water exploration. Types of surveys and field techniques. Geophysical instrumentation. Data reduction and processing Geophysical interpretation and geological inferences. Practical: Miniature surveys, data reduction, processing, interpretation exercises.Filed visits to exploration crew and data processing centres.
Pre-requisite: GLY 314


GLY 425 – ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY (2 Credits)
Sources hazards and controls of pollution. Geological hazards: their prediction, controls and mitigation. Environmental impact of mining activities. Underground undersea storage of petroleum and nuclear waste materials.


GLY 426 – MARINE GEOLOGY (2 Credits)
Physical, chemical and biological oceanography. Sampling of ocean-floor, Structure and physiography of ocean basins. Origin, distribution and age of marine sediments. Mineral resources of the ocean-floor. Coastal erosion and management.


GLY 499 – GEOLOGY PROJECT / SEMINAR (3 Credits)
Individual research project selected by the various students from any of the various field of applied geology to be carried our under the supervision of one or more of the academic staff of the department. The project may involve literature survey, field investigation experimental and statistical data acquisition and analysis. The project report must be submitted at least four weeks before the final degree examination. Each student is required to prepare and deliver a seminar on classical topical issues and problems in geology centered on his project area. Students are required to attend all seminars to qualify for seminar credit.